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Mughal Empire Shah Jahan 1628-58 AD- Silver Rupee, Burhanpur Mint. V4
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Description
Mughal Empire Shah Jahan 1628-58 AD- Silver Rupee, Burhanpur Mint. V4Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram
[4]
(Persian:
شهاب
الدین
محمد
خرم
; b. 5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666 d.),[6]
better known by his
regnal name,
Shah Jahan
(Persian:
شاه
جهان
),[7]
was the fifth
Mughal emperor
of
India, and reigned from 1628 to 1658.[8]
Historian J. L. Mehta wrote that under Shah Jahan's reign, the
Mughal Empire
reached the peak of its glory.[9]
Although an able military commander, Shah Jahan is best remembered for his architectural achievements. His reign ushered in the golden age of
Mughal architecture. Shah Jahan commissioned many monuments, the best known of which is the
Taj Mahal
in
Agra, in which is entombed his favourite wife,
Mumtaz Mahal. His relationship with Mumtaz Mahal has been heavily adapted into Indian art, literature and cinema. He owned the royal treasury and several precious stones such as the
Kohinoor
and has thus often been regarded as the wealthiest person in history.
Shah Jahan was considered the most competent of Emperor
Jahangir's four sons. Jahangir's death in late 1627 spurred a war of succession, from which Shah Jahan emerged victorious. He executed all of his rivals for the throne and crowned himself emperor on January 1628 in Agra, under the regnal title "Shah Jahan" (which was originally given to him as a princely title). His rule saw many grand building projects, including the
Red Fort
and the
Shah Jahan Mosque. Foreign affairs saw
war with the Safavids, aggressive campaigns against the Shia
Deccan Sultanates,[10]
conflict with the
Portuguese, and positive relations with the
Ottoman Empire. Domestic concerns included putting down numerous rebellions, and the devastating
famine from 1630-32.
In September 1657, Shah Jahan fell seriously ill. This set off a war of succession among his four sons in which his third son,
Aurangzeb, emerged victorious and usurped his father's throne.[11]
Shah Jahan recovered from his illness, but Emperor Aurangzeb put his father under house arrest in
Agra Fort
from July 1658 until his death in January 1666.[12]
He was laid to rest next to his wife in the Taj Mahal. His reign is known for doing away the liberal policies initiated by
Akbar. Shah Jahan was an Orthodox Muslim, and it was during his time that Islamic revivalist movements like the
Naqsbandi
began to shape Mughal policies.[13]
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